In almost three and a half decades, in vitro fertilization has been responsible for the birth of over three million children, bringing immeasurable joy to their parents who would not have been able to conceive without this technology. To increase the odds of success for would-be parents who pour their hopes and dreams, as well as money, into this procedure, doctors have routinely transferred multiple embryos. Often this has translated into twin and triplet pregnancies and the complications of premature birth, neonatal morbidity, and long term medical problems. The infertility field has responded with more stringent embryo transfer guidelines, as well as the advancement of techniques like single embryo transfer for certain categories of patients.